The following Geneva Conference in May 1954 led to a divided Vietnam with a communist north and an anti-communist south separated at the 17th parallel. But the French forces proved unable to defeat the Việt Minh and lost dramatically at the battle of Dien Bien Phu, a climactic confrontation between the French Far East Expeditionary Corps and the Việt Minh from March to May 1954. In 1949, the conflict turned into a conventional war between two armies equipped with modern weapons supplied by the United States, China, and the Soviet Union. The first few years of the war involved a low-level rural insurgency against the French. The conflict erupted after attempted negotiations over the fate of Indochina between Indochinese nationalists and French colonialists failed. The First Indochina War was an anti-colonial war that started after Imperial Japan was defeated in the Second World War in August 1945. The Vietnam War was deeply embedded in the Global Cold War (1946–90) and is considered by some historians as one of its many proxy wars. China and the Soviet Union supported North Vietnam. This conflict was followed by the Second Indochina War, also known as the Vietnam War (1955–75), fought between South Vietnam and its supporters-primarily the United States of America-and North Vietnam, its supporting guerilla forces in the South, the Việt Cộng (National Liberation Front), Laos and Cambodia. The two Indochina Wars, covering three decades, started with the First Indochina War (1946–54), an anti-colonial struggle for liberation fought by the Việt Minh, the League for the Independence of Vietnam, against Imperial France.
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